LO3: Be able to reaserch and plan content for a news article

Idea 1: Street Art
I will write an artical which is about the different types of street art in Sheffield, and will discuss wether street art has a negative or positive effect on Sheffield's community. The article will focus especially on three main street artists work, and will explain how the street art reflects certain lifestyles within Sheffield. This article will use primary sources, which will included interveiws with the public and how they feel about certain street art in Sheffield, and will also include interveiws with actual street artists, the reason they like to be street artists, and how they think it is effecting the community. This will also included secondary research, looking into how street art effects other cities on articles online, and comparing the way street effects those cities

Idea 2: The Light Cinema on The Moor
I will write an artical which is about the opening of the new cinema on the moor named "The Light" and will discuss how people have reviewed it, and what impact it will have on the community at the Moor. The artical will also discuss how The Light will compete with other cinemas Sheffield. This will include primary research with individuals who live in Sheffield, and have visited The Light Cinema, and secondary research which will be an article which was written previously about The Light cinema being built and the effects it is likely to have on public.

Idea 3: Delirium
I will write an artical about a band which is local to Sheffield named "Delirium" and will write about their inspirations, their aspirations and how Sheffield effects their music. The article will also have a particular focus, on what its like starting a band in Sheffield, and the type of life style and dedication needed to be in a band. This will included primary research, which will be an interview with the band.

The article I am going to write is going to be about the opening of The Light Cineam which is opening on the Moor Sheffield. The reason I decided to write this article is because I believe the article will be able to target people who live in Sheffield more successfully, since it will be in the public interest since most residents of Sheffield are likely to have noticed the cinema being built lately, and many of the people will have visited the cinema during it's opening. The article will also target a wide age range of people, since cinemas in general are visited and used by an incredibly mass audience.

My article will include:
-details and descriptions of the excitement which was happening previous to the cinema's opening to provide background for the article
-descriptions of what occured during the cinema's opening day
-reviews of the cinema and what makes it stand apart from other cinemas in Sheffield
-possilbe predictions of how the cinema will effect the community especially at the moor
-will question how the cinema will compete with other cinemas in Sheffield

Evaluation of Research techniques:

In order to find out how The Light Cinema will compete with other cinemas in Sheffield, I will need to write a questionnaire for Keith Pullinger, the man who is in charge and decided to open The Light Cinema in Sheffield, therefore I have written a questionnaire for him (below) and I have sent an email requesting that he could fill it in for me. The reason I would like to interview Keith Pullinger is because he would be considered to be a primary definer by readers, since he is in charge of the light cinema, meaning that readers would be more likely to find my article trustworthy.

Evidence of contacting Keith Pullinger:

Unfortunately Keith Pullinger never replied to my email, therefore I wasn't able to interview him nor was my questionnair filled out by him. However I could still gain research from secondary definers, and find out their opinions on The Light Cinema. Therefore I designed a survey which was similair to the previous survey, which had questions more suitable for members of the public, and handed them out around the Moor (the location in which The Light Cinema opened) and managed to gather some primary research:

Secondary research:
Due to the fact that I couldn't get any primary research from Keith Pullinger, I will have to find out the information through secondary research, which will mean I will have to search online for articles about The Light Cinema in Sheffield and hope to obtain quotes from Keith Pullinger, and more detail on The Light Cinemas intentions for the community in Sheffield.

LO2: Know the construction and content of news articles

The professionals taking smart drugs to get through the day

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health-fitness/mind/professionals-taking-smart-drugs-get-day/

This article was published on The Telegraph's website, and it's purpose is to inform and educate the reader on a certain category of drugs and who it is used by. The articles target audience is likely to be both male and females aged 18-35, because the topic of the article is about drugs which can enhance your thinking and learning ability, and focus's on the drugs uses in universities and other professional work places. Because of this the audience interested is likely to be either in university or have work in a higher profession, and these people can be both male and female.

The title "The professionals taking smart drugs to get through the day" is likely to gain the target audience's attention, firstly through the word "professionals" since the target audience are either hoping to become a professional, or are already a professional. This way when they read the word professional the target audience are likely to believe that the article applies particularly to them, and therefore feel an urge to read the magazine. Secondly, I recon the phrase "smart drugs" would also stick out in the title, since the target audience are likely to be smart, and would be interested in drugs which would apparently make them smarter. In worse cases, perhaps the audience are struggling in university, and are looking for such a drug to make them smarter.

Unlike the other articles I have analysed this article has barely sensationalised any of the content, and discusses the smart drugs and their realities in a rather plain manner. This is because the article's subject is actually a rather serious subject, and should be approached carefully, since the writer could unknowingly come across as if they were promoting the "smart drugs" and then get done for legal and ethical reasons. The article uses a teacher to pupil mode of address, for example:

"His instant response was to offer her some of his personal supply of Modafinil – a so-called smart drug only prescribed in the UK to treat narcolepsy – and one that is now being used - and abused - in the ivory towers of academia."

In this complex sentence, the writer explains how a person offered someone a drug to cure their drowsiness, however the sentence includes an explanation of the drug, and what it's original purpose was, how the drug is being used, and in what background the drug is used - all in one sentence. Articles that feel the need to include that much detail in one sentence are usually found in articles with a teacher to pupil mode of address, since the article feels the need to educate the reader as much as possible. More evidence that the article has a teacher to pupil mode of address is because the article justifies itself with figures and percentages for example:

"A survey run by the Oxford University student newspaper The Tab showed that 26 per cent of students at the university claimed to have used Modafinil."

I believe a simple sentence is used in order to make the sentence have direct impact on the reader, this is because the article is using Unambiguity to affect the reader more with a direct fact. To make the article feel more realistic and human the article also includes direct quotes from trusted individuals, for example:

"“It’s definitely an increasing problem,” says Professor Sahakian, who ten years ago published a seminal paper on the issue entitled Professor’s Little Helper."

The article informs the reader that the person who is giving their opinion in the article is infact a Professor, which makes the reader trust what that person said, and is more likely to take what they are saying. The article even goes further to explain that the person published a seminal paper on "Smart Drugs" which makes the reader trust what he is saying about "Smart Drugs" even more since it is apparent that he knows what he is talking about.

Who: Professor Barbara Sahakian, Dr Hannah Critchlow, Dr Anders Sandberg
What: "Smart drugs" including Adderal, Ritalin and Modafinil
Where: Universities, Professional work places, Florida
When: June 2017
How: The article uses Elaborate Coding, since the article's target audience are people who are either in higher education or have professional jobs. For example: "These pills are thought to work by improving neurotransmitters to manipulate the prefrontal cortex at the front of the brain and improve planning and problem-solving tasks..." This sentence include words which could only be understood by people who understand how the brain works, which is proof that this article is intended to be read by people either in universities or have a professional job.

1: This paragraph explains from Professor Sahakian's point how she was feeling after a flight to Florida.
2: Using the context of the previous paragraph, Professor Sahakian explains how she first came across the use of smart drugs. The paragraph also gives the reader more detail and background on the particular drug, which was Modafinil.
3: Again, using the context of the previous paragraph, Professor Sahakian asks other academic people whether they used drugs, and was taken by surprise.
4: This paragraph quotes Professor Sahakian who explains how most of the academics take different drugs, and many of them take drugs just to send them to sleep during flights.
5: This paragraph explains how Dr Hannah Critchlow is concerned with other professors who used drugs which were intended for people that suffered from narcolepsy, ADHD and Alzheimers. The paragraph describes the people to be "dependent" on the drugs in order to make the reader concerened about Smart Drugs in order to avoid promoting the drug.
6: This paragraph states that Dr Critchlow told a festival about a study which showed that 1 in 5 professors admitted to taking "Smart Drugs". The fact that the paragraph tells you that a Doctor said this makes the reader trust what the article is saying more.
7: This paragraph reveals more statistics about the increased use of "Smart Drugs" in universities and professors, in order to make the drug seem like it isn't a good thing. The article names many different Universities in the UK to make the article seem more realistic.
8: This paragraph explains exactly how the drugs work, which should appeal to the academic target audience who are likely to be interested in and understanding of the explanation.
9: This paragraph reports that the effects of the drugs are debated about in a "fierce" manner.
10: This paragraph reports that global competition increases due to the "Smart Drugs" which again gives the drugs a darker side to them.
11: This paragraph quotes a Professor Sahakian who believes the smart drugs to be an increasing problem, and the reader will trust her opinion more since she is a Professor.
12: This paragraph quotes the Professor again, who tells you more and more people include drugs which increase their peformance in their lifestlye.
13: This paragraph reports that the long-term effects for these drugs are unknown.
14: This paragraph reports that gaining access to these drugs un-perscribed in the UK is illegal.
15: This paragraph uses the previous paragraph for context and explains how it is a danger to gain access to these drugs illegally since you cannot be certain what you are taking.
16: This paragraph reports that another Doctor at Oxford is very open about his drug use.
17:  This paragraph reports that Dr Anders used Modafinil during his research, and now takes it twice or three times a week.
18: This paragraph reports that it costs only £50 year to keep using the drug, and argues that it is not addictive since he sometimes forgets to order the next batch, however he notices a difference in his work when he doesn't take the drug.
19: The article reports that Dr Anders realises how the drug was effecting him when working on really complicated philosophy.
20: Dr Sandberg compares the drug to drinking a strong coffee. He is quoted on saying that is is hard to improve the human brain, however you are able to tilt it in certain directions.
21: This paragraph reports that Dr Sandberg believes it would be better to allow "Smart Drugs" to be prescribed legally in order to make the drugs safer, and also work out the pros and cons of using the drugs.
22: This paragraph asks a rhetorical question which is why are smart drugs so popular in academia.
23: This paragraph relies to the previous paragraphs question and quotes Dr Sandberg who says that people in academia are obsessed with brains and thinking, and also states that there is a premium of thinking well and learning quickly (due to "Smart Drugs).
24: This paragraph informs the reader that "Smart Drugs" are effective and justifies the statement of evidence which includes 24 studies of Modafinil in Oxford which proved that the drugs improve your thinking ability, and that there are few side effects.
25: This paragraph reports that the scientists which carried out the experiments with Modafinil were worried about releasing their discovery to the public for ethical reasons, since due to that experiment, people would be more likely to use the drug.
26: This paragraph reports that "Smart Drugs" are beggining to be used in many different industries and professions.
27: This paragraph quotes Professor Sahakian who states that drugs are being used lots in Silicon Vally, and by the people in London in order to keep their minds sharp.
28: This paragraph reports that Professor Sahakian believes that the drugs should not be banned, but their value people give them due to their effects should be lowered.
29: This paragraph quotes Professor Sahakian who wants to know if people want to compete and work all their lives, or would they rather improve the quality of their lives. This paragraph should appeal to the target audience directly since this is a challenging thought, which people in higher educations or professions like to have.
30: This article concludes by stating that we have come to the end of our working limit, and that we should leave it at that instead of trying to improve ourselves through drugs.

LO2: Know the construction and content of news articles

Winona Ryder’s SAGs Facial Expressions Explained By Cute Li'l Costar Gaten Matarazzo

http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/winona-ryders-sag-awards-faces-explained-by-costar-gaten-matarazzo-w464000

This article was published online on US Magazine's website, and it's purpose is to entertain the audience. It also informs the audience on certain events which occurred during the SAG awards, which is likely to be a general interest. The articles target audience is likely to be women, aged 18-25. This is because the article is about the female actress, and the main focus is on her facial expressions during the event. This is the type of topic would only appeal to young females, because they are likely to find it very amusing. This is proved especially in the tone of the magazine, which is extremely colloquial (the article starts of with "Wait what?!) and is incredibly chatty.

The title "Expressions Explained By Cute Li'l Costar Gaten Matarazzo" would appeal especially to that audience because the title states that something is explained by "Cute Li'l Costar Gaten Matarazzo" What sticks out especially in this title, is the word "Cute". The target audience are likely to notice the word "Cute" and become interested immediately, since stereotypically females like cute things. Another reason that the title may stick out is because of the mention of Winona Ryder, who is an actor who played most recently in the Netflix original "Stranger Things". Stranger Things is a series which is very popular among younger age groups, including 18-25 year olds.

The article uses sensational writing throughout the whole article for example:

"...David Harbour's impassioned - and, um, very loud - acceptance speech..."

Here you can see that the writer is exaggerating the event by stating that David Harbour's speech was very loud, and they do this in order to make the article more interesting, and more readable. This also relates to the fact that the target audience are females aged 18-25, and stereotypically when gossipping females like to exaggerate things.

"It turns out that Ryder, however, was seemingly unprepared for Harbour’s intense speech directed toward controversial President Donald Trump's recent travel ban."

Here you can see that the article uses simple sentence's, this is because the articles mode of address is peer to peer, which is the why the article doesn't use elaborate coding, or many complex sentences. Bye using simple sentence's the article makes the reader feel as if they are being spoken to by the writer.

The article also uses pictures of the event throughout, which are needed since the article is about Winona Ryder's facial expressions. The first image shows Winona Ryder looking extremely shocked, and is likely to entertain the reader since she looks comical.

Who: Winona Ryders
What: Winona Ryders strange facial expressions are explained
Where: SAG Awards
When: January 29, 2017
How: The article uses Restricted code, because the article is done in a conversational way, for example: "Wait, what?!", the articles language is very colloquial

1: This paragraph reports the context of the whole article, and explains why its strange that Winona Ryder stated that she couldn't hear the speech although the speech was very loud. The first paragraph also uses bold writing for the main people who are included in the magazine, in order to make their names more notable for the readers.
2: This paragraph quotes Gaten Matarazzo and he says that he didn't think Winona Ryder could hear what David was saying, which was why she was making some many strange facial expressions. He also says that we (all the cast) were really happy to be together. This paragraph would especially appeal to the target audience, since what he is saying would be interpreted by females as quite sweet.
3: This paragraph explains how during SAG's Harbour's speech actually started the latest meme at the time, which is an interesting and ironic fact that would appeal to the audience. The article then quotes a tweet from an unknown user who said that they recon every emotion possible appeared on Winona's face. This again is another example of how the whole article exaggerates, since the article is no including another exaggerated tweet.
4: This paragraph reports how Winona Ryder found the speech too intense and is reported to be seen mouthing the words "This is too heavy". This is type of emotional detail is the type of gossip the target audience would be interested in.
5: This paragraph reports how Harbour said that it was difficult to celebrate Stranger things during what was happening in the world today. Again this is sentimental detail that the target audience would stereotypically be interested in.

LO2: Know the construction and content of news articles

Prankster in chief: why I threw swastika golfballs at Donald Trump:

This article was published on The Guardian, in both print and web versions. And the articles purpose is to entertain, and also inform the audience on Simon Brodkin's many pranks. The article's target audience is likely to be males aged 20-30. This is because the article is about a man who is in that age range, and the articles political content is only likely to interest people within that age range. The reason I recon males are more likely to read this article is because the article is about a male, and the male is also a prankster. Politically, the article is likely to be read by people with left-wing biases, since The Guardian is an very left-wing news paper, and the article is actually ridiculing Donald Trump (who has been made into a folk devil by left wing media).

The title "Prankster in chief: why I threw swastika golf balls at Donald Trump" catches the attention of the audience, firstly with the mention of Donald Trump, which during the articles release would have been heavily on the mind of anyone who is left-wing. This is because Donald Trump was campaigning to become president of America, and it was already looking like he was going to become president, much to the horror of a person with a left-wing world view. The title includes the word "swastika" which is an incredibly eye catching word, due to it's history and association with Nazi's. Some readers may have been shocked and offended by the word, other readers may have found the word humorous given its context ("swastika golf balls"). Again its context would appeal strongly to people who are left wing because they like to associate Donald Trump with Swastikas since they believe him to be a fascist due to what he has said about Mexicans. The word prankster also would appeal to male audiences, since males stereotypically enjoy pranking people, therefore they are likely to be interested in reading the article.

First of all the article uses sensational language, when explaining to the audience what happened at Donald Trump's press conference. The article uses a narrative style in the first paragraph from the point of view of Donald Trump in order to make the article humorous. The article then tells you what Simon Brodkin says directly to Donald Trump when he realises that Nazi Golfballs are rolling towards him, which is also quite funny. Having watched the video of the same event, you can tell that the article over exaggerates the events, in order make a heroe out Simon Brodkin. This is because The Guardian has a left wing bias, and will therefore happily exaggerate events if it makes Donald Trump look weak or perhaps stupid.

The articles tone is mixed with playful, and seriousness, this is because the article is about a prankster, however the people that deserve to pranks usually have been pranked for quite serious reasons.

"His vitriol towards others and his self-aggrandising make a lot of people see connections."

Here in this simple sentence, Simon explains why he pranked Donald trump, and the reason people associate Donald Trump with Nazi's. The use of a simple sentence makes what he saying have more of a direct impact of the reader.

"Early in his career as a prankster, Brodkin got rough treatment – because officers didn’t know he was a comic and that it was all a prank."

Here in this compound-complex sentence, the article explains how some of Brokin's pranks went wrong, when people didn't realise he was a prankster, and thought that the situation was more serious and dangerouse. The fact that this is a compound-complex sentence is appropriate, since the sentence is explaining to the audience how being a prankster can go wrong due to similar incidents which were actually serious. The reason the use of a compound-complex sentence is appropriate is because the article's mode of address is teacher to pupil. You can see this because the article is written without colloquial language (except for when interviewing Brodkin) and instead uses elaborate coding. Elaborate coding is used, because the target audience reading the magazine is likely to be in higher education, and will be able to understand and enjoy reading elaborate coding.

The article also uses direct speech from Brodkin (the main topic of the article) to explain to the audience more realistically why Brodkin does his pranks.

"I have a naughty streak, an utter lack of respect for authority – and hopefully a decent sense of humour.”

This sentence also demonstrates how the whole article contrasts seriousness with humour. The article also uses pictures well to help the audience follow the article with a clearer realistic image of Brokin's many pranks. The very first image also helps feature the main person who the article is interviewing, and also features him holding the "swastika golfballs" which links to the main title. The article also provides links to other media, such as a video of one of Brodkins pranks when he interrupted Kanye West.

Who: Donald Trump and Simon Brodkin
What: Prankster throws swastika golf balls at Donald Trump
Where: A press conference at a golf resort owned by Donald Trump in Ayrshire/
When: Summer 2016
How: The article uses Elaborate code, for example: "“Get him out of here,” said the then presumptive Republican presidential nominee." Where it says "presumptive Republican presidential nominee" is both hard to read and may be hard to understand by some readers.

1: This paragraph sets the first scene of the article, which is the scene the article revolves around. The paragraph uses a narrative style from the point of view of Donald Trump, in order to add humour to the article, this way the reader knows exactly how the incident played out, which the article more understandable as a whole.

2: This paragraph explains how Donald Trump's security had to arrest Brodkin due to previous incidents where someone tried to shoot Donald Trump. Brodkin explains how they put hand cuffs on him, and how he was relieved to hear Scottish voices which assured him that he wasn't going to be tortured or killed. This paragraph changes the article from something similar to a narrative, to almost an interview with Brodkin, however it is more as if Brodkin is telling the reader a story, while writer of the article helps explain what he is saying with more context.

3: This paragraph explains how being a prankster in this modern age is hard because everyone believes that you could be a threat.

4: This paragraph explains how when recognizing who Brodkin was, the police decided to loosen his hand cuffs and offered him some Lucozade.

5: This paragraph explains how Brodkin enjoys watching the video of the incident, and how the police took him all the way to the border between England and Scotland. This paragraph includes mostly Brodkin's speech since he is the one telling the story to the audience.

6: This paragraph explains why Brodkin decided to prank Donald Trump in this manner, and why he sees a connection between Trump and Hitler. This is where the article takes a more serious tone, contrasting with the articles entertaining tone.

7: This paragraph explains other incidents where he has pranked other people including Kanye West. This is where the article changes from an interview directly about the incident with Donald Trump, to many other incidents, which makes the article more interesting because the article has now turned into a more informative article about Brodkin's pranks.

8: The article then goes onto another more serious tone, where Brodkin explains that even though all his targets are deserving victims, he doubt that his work will have much effect. He uses Donald Trump as an example, since despite his prank, he became president of America.

9: This paragraph shows another example of when his prank went wrong, when Kanye West's audience got really angry at him for ruining West's gig.

10: This paragraph goes on to talk about another prankster, Dan Glass, who took pranking to another extreme when he glued himself to Gordon Brown when he was president. Brodkin shows admiration for Dan Glass, however explains that when pranking people he never wants to frighten people. 

11: This paragraph shows Brodkin explaining how he loves it when reality and comedy come together. This again relates to the running theme through out the article of seriousness vs comedy.

12: Again, this paragraph explains how another one of Brodkin's pranks went wrong, when he was dragged of the football pitch at Goodison Park after running on and joining Man City players.

13: This paragraph carries on what happened in the previous paragraph and changes the setting from the football pitch to the court, which again shows the reader the contrast between seriousness and comedy, and shows how during the court case carried on pretending to be the alter-ego and stating that he only ran onto the pitch because he was told by his agent he had been signed by Man City. The writer of the article comments that they were surprised that Brodkin was not done for contempt. The paragraph changes from reality to comedy when Brodkin jokes that Carlos Tevez gave him a lift to court, since he was convicted for drink-driving the same day.

14: The writer asks Brodkin who were the roughest police he has encountered. Bodkin says the Swiss, and explains how he has carried out pranks twice in Switzerland.

15: In this paragraph the article explains another time when Brodkin pranked Volkswagen during their press launch for a new car. He posed as an engineer and tried to attach a "cheat box" to the car since Volkswagen had cheated during their pollution tests. He then explains that "You know the job is a good one when you're getting pinned down and cuffed."

16: He then explains that during that arrest the police were really rough because they believed Simon Brodkin to be a terrorist. When realising that Brodkin was a prankster one cop picked up a hatstand pretending it was a mic and awards Simon Brodkin for being the best actor.

17: In this paragraph the article explains that before becoming a prankster Brodkin used to work for the NHS which is there because the articles purpose is to both entertain and inform.

18: Brodkin explains that he realised he liked Comedy when he saw some guys messing about on a bus. Brodkin explains his passion for comedy because of his love for Lee Nelson because of how he takes the mick out of everyone.

19: In this paragraph the article takes a much more serious note regarding when Nelson committed suicide.

20: In the last paragraph, the article wraps up by discussing wether Brodkin will carry on pranking people. Brodkin explains that pranking was his job, and that he couldn't be happier.

LO1 feedback sheet

LO1: Understand the news industry

The news can be accessed in many different ways. Different News providers provide different types of news and distribute that news in many different platforms. They do this in order to target a certain audience, so that the audience will keep using that news provider. In this essay I will present to you different media platforms and what news providers like to use them and why.

The first media platform is Print. Print is still a very good way of distributing news because they can be accessed easily through shops and you can even get newspapers like Metro for free on public transport. Newspapers are presented through articles which are in order of importance. The most exciting or important article is usually near the front to ensure that more readers engage with that article. An example of a news provider that uses print is The Guardian.

The Guardian was originally called the Manchester Guardian and has been running since 1821. It was in 1959 that it changed its name to The Guardian. It is a daily newspaper, and it has won the Newspaper of the Year award four times. The newspaper targets middle class audiences, and politically, the newspaper has a left wing bias within its articles. This could be because The Guardian is owned by The Scott Trust, who are Liberals. This means that the Newspaper will target left wing audiences since they will agree with the point of view in the articles in the newspaper. This contrasts with a newspaper like The Daily Mail.

The Daily Mail first started in 1896 and is the second most selling daily newspaper in the UK. The newspaper wanted to target audiences which who were lower/middle class, and therefore made their price more affordable for audiences like that. However, the newspaper is mostly read by ABC1 audiences who are in the upper middle class. This could be because The Daily Mail’s content has a conservative bias, and has sometimes been accused of being racist. Because of this the newspaper should appeal to people with more right wing views.

When reading articles from both newspapers you can clearly see the political contrast when it comes to articles on Brexit or Donald Trump. Articles which you find in The Guardian create folk devils out of people who voted out during Brexit, and Donald Trump, while as in The Daily Mail, you can see in their articles that they create folk devils out of the European Union, and can sometimes be perceived as “Pro-Trump” which is why left wingers despise the newspaper so much.

Web 2.0 is used to describe how the internet has become easy to understand and interact with by all. News providers like The Guardian and The Daily Mail recognized this, which is why they both have websites which users can access their news on, to reach an even wider audience. However, some news providers took this a step further, and made sure that their news was only accessible online, an example of this is The Independent.

The Independent started in 1986 is a printed newspaper and it was only in 2016 that it stopped being printed and became just an online news provider. However, it was in 2008 that their website was relaunched 2008 in order to look more appealing in order become more accessible for all users. Their website also includes interactive features such as videos and images. The Independent considers itself to be free from political bias, yet its articles actually have a center left point of view. In 2014 The Independent started another website called i100 which lets users share news content with each other and interact with each other in a way similar to social media. This allows Citizen to emerge, since through this, website users can express their views and report what they think is true, which is good because people can hear news from the public instead of from media companies.

The Huffington Post is another news provider which only distributes its news through its website, and it started in 2005, which is interesting because the term “Web 2.0” only became popular in 2004 however unlike the independent it is owned by Verizon through AOL which is a conglomerate, meaning the websites content is not free from bias. In fact, The Huffington Post has very left wing views, which was shown during the 2016 elections. Many articles which were on this topic ended with an editor’s note which said “Donald Trump regularly incites political violence and is a serial liar, rampant xenophobe, racist, misogynist and birther who has repeatedly pledged to ban all Musilims-1.6 billion members of an entire religion-from entering the U.S”. Funnily enough when Trump won, the Huffington post stopped this.

The second media platform is TV. TV is an incredibly powerful media to use when it comes to News, considering that the audience doesn’t have to put much energy into watching a screen tell them about recent events, which means that they are more than happy to watch the news. TV is also incredibly accessible to all, since a mass audience have a TV in their house, and also a mass audience like to end their day by sitting down and watching TV. The first news provider I shall focus on is Sky News.

Sky News was announced to start in 1988 by Rupert Murdoch, and then started in 1989. It is a 24-hour news channel and is broadcasted internationally. Sky news isn’t just accessible on TV though, because it can be watched online, and can be also be accessed through their app. This is due to technological convergence, because people’s phones are not just phones anymore, they are computers, cameras, video recorder, voice recorder and much more, which is why we can now access what was originally only available on TV on our smart phones. This is also because some people just using social media instead of watching TV because they think it is better. Sky News is also accessible for people that may not be able to afford a TV license, since it is also available on free view. In 2008 Sky news began to film using HD cameras, meaning that Sky News became available to watch in High Definition. However, Sky News is suspected to be biased since it is owned by 21th Century Fox and therefore Rupert Murdoch…

Another news provider that uses TV is the BBC News. The news channel started in 1997 and was originally called BBC News 24, and then changed its name to BBC News in 2008. BBC News is also a 24-hour channel like Sky News. However unlike Sky News the channel is considered to be free from political bias, I think this is because the BBC is owned by the government and therefore needs to appeal to a wide audience of different political views, however some people believe that BBC News leans towards right-wing views. In 2007 BBC News made it so that users could catch up and watch news videos online, due to Web 2.0.

CNN News is also another news provider which uses TV. CNN stands for “Cable News Network” and is another 24-hour channel which started in 1980.  When CNN News was started it was the first 24-hour news channel. CNN News is owned by Time Warner, so it is likely that CNN will have political bias.

The third media platform is Radio. Radio is still used today, although it is considered to be dying, as less and less people use it. However, the radio is still powerful, since people like to listen to it while engaging in other activities, since you can’t do that when watching or reading the news.

The first example of a news provider that uses Radio is BBC Radio 4. BBC Radio 4 is a radio channel that broadcasts news as well other spoken programmes on current affairs, history, comedy, science and drama. Politically the news channel has been criticized for being too conservative. Like the BBC News Channel BBC Radio 4 has an online catch up which can be easily accessed.

Another news provider that uses Radio is Sky News, which started in 1999. Sky News offers an hourly bulletin which allows users to keep updated regularly on news. Sky news also has an online catch up service for their radio programs.